Utero-tubal sperm transport and its impairment in endometriosis and adenomyosis

Stefan Kissler*, Stephan Zangos, Inka Wiegratz, Joachim Kohl, Achim Rody, Regine Gaetje, Natascha Doebert, Ludwig Wildt, Georg Kunz, Gerhard Leyendecker, Manfred Kaufmann

*Corresponding author for this work
54 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The uterus is composed of different smooth muscle layers that serve various functions. First, menstrual debris is expulsed at the time of the menses. Second, sperm is transported in the preovulatory phase to maximize fertility, and third, the human embryo is placed in an adequate setting during implantation. Endometriosis is a gynecologic disorder leading to severe pain symptoms such as severe pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), chronic pelvic pain, pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia), and abnormal uterine bleeding. Besides, endometriosis is often associated with female infertility and exhibits a massive impairment in the physiology of uterine contractility that can be documented by the in vivo examination method of hysterosalpingoscintigraphy (HSSG). In addition, endometriosis is associated in 80-90% of subjects with adenomyosis and our data clearly indicate that sperm transport is disturbed by hyperperistalsis when at least one focus of adenomyosis can be detected via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and turns into dysperistalsis (a complete failure in sperm transport capacity)when diffuseadenomyosis affecting allmyometrial uterinemuscle layers is detected. Hence, dysperistalsis is significantly associated with reduced spontaneous pregnancy rates. We therefore recommend MRI and HSSG in every sterility workup.

Original languageEnglish
JournalAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Pages (from-to)38-48
Number of pages11
ISSN0077-8923
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 04.2007

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