Abstract
The application of auditory clicks during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep phase-locked to the up state of the slow oscillation (closed-loop stimulation) has previously been shown to enhance the consolidation of declarative memories. We designed and applied sequences of three clicks during deep NREM sleep to achieve a quasi-phase-dependent open-loop stimulation. This stimulation was successful in eliciting slow oscillation power in the stimulation period. Although fast and slow spindle power were markedly decreased during the stimulation period, memory consolidation did not differ from control. During putative up states fast spindle power remained, however, at control levels. We conclude that concurrence of slow oscillations and fast spindles suffices to maintain memory consolidation at control levels despite an overall decreased spindle activity.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | European Journal of Neuroscience |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| Pages (from-to) | 2357-2368 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| ISSN | 0953-816X |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 01.09.2016 |
Funding
We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions and contributions. This work was supported by the US-German Collaboration in Computational Neuroscience (BMBF grant 01GQ1008) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-TR 654, Graduate School 235 and DFG SPP1665). Abbreviations DST Digit Span Test EEG electroencephalogram FS fast spindle NREM non-rapid eye movement PAL paired-associate learning PANAS Positive and Negative Affect Schedule PVT psychomotor vigilance test REM rapid eye movement RWT Regensburg Word Fluency Test SF-A Sleep Questionnaire A SO slow oscillation SS slow spindle SSS Stanford Sleepiness Scale
Research Areas and Centers
- Academic Focus: Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM)
