The schema mode model for personality disorders

Schema therapy (ST) based on the schema mode approach is currently one of the major developments in the treatment of personality disorders (PD). ST is a transdiagnostic approach, but also provides disorder-specific models for most PDs. The mode model gives a clear structure for the development of an individual case conceptualization, in which all current symptoms and interpersonal problems of the patient and the connection with their biographical context can be accommodated. The therapeutic interventions are adapted to the present mode in the specific situation. In addition to cognitive and behavioral techniques there is a special focus on experiential techniques (especially chair dialogues and imagery rescripting) and on specific features of the therapeutic relationship ('limited reparenting'). This paper provides an overview of the theoretical background and practical application of schema mode-based ST for PDs. An individual case conceptualization and the therapeutic techniques are illustrated with a case example of a patient with histrionic PD.