TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of ultrasound for the personalized botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dystonia
AU - Fietzek, Urban M.
AU - Nene, Devavrat
AU - Schramm, Axel
AU - Appel-Cresswell, Silke
AU - Košutzká, Zuzana
AU - Walter, Uwe
AU - Wissel, Jörg
AU - Berweck, Steffen
AU - Chouinard, Sylvain
AU - Bäumer, Tobias
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - The visualization of the human body has frequently been groundbreaking in medicine. In the last few years, the use of ultrasound (US) imaging has become a well-established procedure for botulinum toxin therapy in people with cervical dystonia (CD). It is now undisputed among experts that some of the most relevant muscles in this indication can be safely injected under visual US guidance. This review will explore the method from basic technical considerations, current evidence to conceptual developments of the phenomenology of cervical dystonia. We will review the implications of introducing US to our understanding of muscle function and anatomy of common cervical dystonic patterns. We suggest a flow chart for the use of US to achieve a personalized treatment of people with CD. Thus, we hope to contribute a resource that is useful in clinical practice and that stimulates the ongoing development of this valuable technique.
AB - The visualization of the human body has frequently been groundbreaking in medicine. In the last few years, the use of ultrasound (US) imaging has become a well-established procedure for botulinum toxin therapy in people with cervical dystonia (CD). It is now undisputed among experts that some of the most relevant muscles in this indication can be safely injected under visual US guidance. This review will explore the method from basic technical considerations, current evidence to conceptual developments of the phenomenology of cervical dystonia. We will review the implications of introducing US to our understanding of muscle function and anatomy of common cervical dystonic patterns. We suggest a flow chart for the use of US to achieve a personalized treatment of people with CD. Thus, we hope to contribute a resource that is useful in clinical practice and that stimulates the ongoing development of this valuable technique.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107440346&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/b53965bb-65d3-3086-8b03-59ac210150ab/
U2 - 10.3390/TOXINS13050365
DO - 10.3390/TOXINS13050365
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 34065541
AN - SCOPUS:85107440346
SN - 2072-6651
VL - 13
JO - Toxins
JF - Toxins
IS - 5
M1 - 365
ER -