TY - JOUR
T1 - The influence of anger on empathy and theory of mind
AU - Weiblen, Ronja
AU - Mairon, Noam
AU - Krach, Sören
AU - Buades-Rotger, Macià
AU - Nahum, Mor
AU - Kanske, Philipp
AU - Perry, Anat
AU - Krämer, Ulrike M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Weiblen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Social cognition allows humans to understand and predict other people’s behavior by inferring or sharing their emotions, intentions and beliefs. Few studies have investigated the impact of one’s own emotional state on understanding others. Here, we tested the effect of being in an angry state on empathy and theory of mind (ToM). In a between-groups design we manipulated anger status with different paradigms in three studies (autobiographical recall (N = 45), negative feedback (N = 49), frustration (N = 46)) and checked how this manipulation affected empathic accuracy and performance in the EmpaToM. All paradigms were successful in inducing mild anger. We did not find the expected effect of anger on empathy or ToM performance but observed small behavioral changes. Together, our results validate the use of three different anger induction paradigms and speak for rather weak behavioral effects of mild state anger on empathy and ToM.
AB - Social cognition allows humans to understand and predict other people’s behavior by inferring or sharing their emotions, intentions and beliefs. Few studies have investigated the impact of one’s own emotional state on understanding others. Here, we tested the effect of being in an angry state on empathy and theory of mind (ToM). In a between-groups design we manipulated anger status with different paradigms in three studies (autobiographical recall (N = 45), negative feedback (N = 49), frustration (N = 46)) and checked how this manipulation affected empathic accuracy and performance in the EmpaToM. All paradigms were successful in inducing mild anger. We did not find the expected effect of anger on empathy or ToM performance but observed small behavioral changes. Together, our results validate the use of three different anger induction paradigms and speak for rather weak behavioral effects of mild state anger on empathy and ToM.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111602241&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0255068
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0255068
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 34324527
AN - SCOPUS:85111602241
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 16
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 7 July 2021
M1 - e0255068
ER -
