TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial summation of pain is associated with pain expectations
T2 - Results from a homebased paradigm
AU - Nastaj, Jakub
AU - Skalski, Jacek
AU - Budzisz, Aleksandra
AU - Szikszay, Tibor M.
AU - Swoboda, Sylwia
AU - Kowalska, Weronika
AU - Nowak, Daria
AU - Zbroja, Edyta
AU - Kruszyna, Natalia
AU - Jakubińska, Marta
AU - Grygny, Dominika
AU - Polczyk, Romuald
AU - Malecki, Andrzej
AU - Luedtke, Kerstin
AU - Adamczyk, Waclaw M.
N1 - Copyright: © 2024 Nastaj et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2024/2
Y1 - 2024/2
N2 - The purpose of this study was to reproduce the previously observed spatial summation of pain effect (SSp) using non-laboratory procedures and commercial equipment. An additional aim was to explore the association between expectations and SSp. The Cold Pressor Task (CPT) was used to induce SSp. Healthy participants (N = 68) immersed their non-dominant hands (divided into 5 segments) into cold water (CPT). Two conditions were used 1) gradual hand immersion (ascending condition) and 2) gradual hand withdrawal (descending condition). Pain intensity was measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Psychological factors, such as the participants' expectations of pain intensity were also measured on a VAS. Results showed significant SSp (χ2 (4) = 116.90, p < 0.001), reproduced with non-laboratory equipment in a home-based set-up. Furthermore, two novel findings were observed: i) there was a significant correlation between expectations and perceived pain, indicating a link between pain expectations and SSp, ii) spatial summation increased with the increase in duration exposure to the noxious stimulus (Wald χ2 (8) = 80.80, p < 0.001). This study suggests that SSp is associated with pain expectations and can be formed by a mixture of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms potentially driven by temporal characteristics of neural excitation. Moreover, this study proposes a new feasible way to induce SSp using a homebased set-up.
AB - The purpose of this study was to reproduce the previously observed spatial summation of pain effect (SSp) using non-laboratory procedures and commercial equipment. An additional aim was to explore the association between expectations and SSp. The Cold Pressor Task (CPT) was used to induce SSp. Healthy participants (N = 68) immersed their non-dominant hands (divided into 5 segments) into cold water (CPT). Two conditions were used 1) gradual hand immersion (ascending condition) and 2) gradual hand withdrawal (descending condition). Pain intensity was measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Psychological factors, such as the participants' expectations of pain intensity were also measured on a VAS. Results showed significant SSp (χ2 (4) = 116.90, p < 0.001), reproduced with non-laboratory equipment in a home-based set-up. Furthermore, two novel findings were observed: i) there was a significant correlation between expectations and perceived pain, indicating a link between pain expectations and SSp, ii) spatial summation increased with the increase in duration exposure to the noxious stimulus (Wald χ2 (8) = 80.80, p < 0.001). This study suggests that SSp is associated with pain expectations and can be formed by a mixture of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms potentially driven by temporal characteristics of neural excitation. Moreover, this study proposes a new feasible way to induce SSp using a homebased set-up.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183805182&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/24852692-a065-308c-bbb3-7d5389996b1f/
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0297067
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0297067
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 38300918
AN - SCOPUS:85183805182
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 19
SP - e0297067
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 2 February
M1 - e0297067
ER -
