Rolle der Strahlentherapie bei onkologischen Notfällen

Background: Radiotherapy has a strong and rapid tumoricidal effect, which enables its effective use in oncological emergencies. Ionizing radiation can be applied quickly and precisely. Methods: On the basis of literature research and our own expertise, current aspects of radiotherapy in oncological emergency situations are compiled. Results: Radiotherapy is used as a part of interdisciplinary tumor therapy for superior vena cava syndrome, spinal compression syndrome, and increased intracranial pressure due to brain metastases. It is very effective in stopping tumor-related bleeding and all threatening tumor-related compression syndromes. In 50–90% of cases, an alleviation of symptoms can be achieved. In about 30% of cases, a long-term result is observed. Conclusion: The results of radiation therapy in oncological emergencies suggest that for an established indication, this treatment procedure should be applied in a timely manner.