Abstract
Several meta-analyses of observational studies have addressed the association between risk and protective factors and cannabis/cocaine/opioid use disorders, but results are conflicting. No umbrella review has ever graded the credibility of this evidence (not significant/weak/suggestive/highly suggestive/convincing). We searched Pubmed-MEDLINE/PsycInfo, last search September 21, 2020. We assessed the quality of meta-analyses with the AMSTAR-2 tool. Out of 3,072 initial references, five were included, providing 19 associations between 12 putative risk/protective factors and cannabis/cocaine/opioid use disorders (cases: 4539; N = 1,118,872,721). While 84 % of the associations were statistically significant, none was convincing. One risk factor (smoking) had highly suggestive evidence for association with nonmedical use of prescription opioid medicines (OR = 3.07, 95 %CI:2.27 to 4.14). Convincing evidence emerged in sensitivity analyses on antisocial behavior and cannabis use disoder (OR 3.34, 95 %CI 2.53–4.41). Remaining associations had weak evidence. The quality of meta-analyses was rated as moderate in two (40 %), low in one (20 %), and critically low in two (40 %). Future research is needed to better profile risk/protective factors for cannabis/cocaine/opioid use disorders disorders informing preventive approaches.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
| Volume | 126 |
| Pages (from-to) | 243-251 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| ISSN | 0149-7634 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 07.2021 |
Funding
ED, GC, JR, SB, AFC, JD, AM, PK, JIS have no conflict of interest to declare. MS has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from Angelini and Lundbeck outside of this work. PFP received research support from Lundbeck and personal fees from Lundbeck, Menarini and Angelini outside this work.
