TY - JOUR
T1 - Renal tubular acidosis type IV in hyperkalaemic patients - A fairy tale or reality?
AU - Haas, Christian S.
AU - Pohlenz, Inga
AU - Lindner, Ulrich
AU - Muck, Philip M.
AU - Arand, Jovana
AU - Suefke, Sven
AU - Lehnert, Hendrik
PY - 2013/5/1
Y1 - 2013/5/1
N2 - Objective Hyperkalaemia is a common feature in hospitalized patients and often attributed to drugs antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and/or acute kidney injury (AKI), despite significantly preserved glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and role of renal tubular acidosis type IV (RTA IV) in the development of significant hyperkalaemia. Design A single-centre retrospective study. Patients Patients admitted to a University Hospital over 12 months. Measurements Patients with a potassium value > 6·0 mm were identified. Clinical and laboratory data were revisited, and patients with a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis were evaluated for the existence of RTA IV. Results A total of 57 patients having significant hyperkalaemia (>6·0 mm) were identified. Twelve patients had end-stage renal disease, while 21 patients had solely AKI or progressive chronic renal failure. RTA IV was present in 24 patients (42%), of whom 71% had pre-existing renal insufficiency because of diabetic nephropathy or tubulointerstitial nephritis. All hyperkalaemic patients with urinary/serum electrolytes suggestive of RTA IV had evidence of AKI, but creatinine levels were significantly lower (P < 0·05), while the number of drugs antagonizing the RAAS was comparable. Conclusion We demonstrated that RTA IV (i) is very common in patients with hyperkalaemia; (ii) should always be suspected in hyperkalaemic patients with only moderately impaired GFR; and (iii) may result in significant hyperkalaemia in the presence of both AKI and drugs antagonizing the RAAS.
AB - Objective Hyperkalaemia is a common feature in hospitalized patients and often attributed to drugs antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and/or acute kidney injury (AKI), despite significantly preserved glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and role of renal tubular acidosis type IV (RTA IV) in the development of significant hyperkalaemia. Design A single-centre retrospective study. Patients Patients admitted to a University Hospital over 12 months. Measurements Patients with a potassium value > 6·0 mm were identified. Clinical and laboratory data were revisited, and patients with a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis were evaluated for the existence of RTA IV. Results A total of 57 patients having significant hyperkalaemia (>6·0 mm) were identified. Twelve patients had end-stage renal disease, while 21 patients had solely AKI or progressive chronic renal failure. RTA IV was present in 24 patients (42%), of whom 71% had pre-existing renal insufficiency because of diabetic nephropathy or tubulointerstitial nephritis. All hyperkalaemic patients with urinary/serum electrolytes suggestive of RTA IV had evidence of AKI, but creatinine levels were significantly lower (P < 0·05), while the number of drugs antagonizing the RAAS was comparable. Conclusion We demonstrated that RTA IV (i) is very common in patients with hyperkalaemia; (ii) should always be suspected in hyperkalaemic patients with only moderately impaired GFR; and (iii) may result in significant hyperkalaemia in the presence of both AKI and drugs antagonizing the RAAS.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84876098915&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04446.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04446.x
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 22891694
AN - SCOPUS:84876098915
SN - 0300-0664
VL - 78
SP - 706
EP - 711
JO - Clinical Endocrinology
JF - Clinical Endocrinology
IS - 5
ER -