Prediction of Survival Among Patients Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Response-Based Approach

Guohong Han, Sarah Berhane, Hidenori Toyoda, Dominik Bettinger, Omar Elshaarawy, Anthony W.H. Chan, Martha Kirstein, Cristina Mosconi, Florian Hucke, Daniel Palmer, David J. Pinato, Rohini Sharma, Diego Ottaviani, Jeong W. Jang, Tim A. Labeur, Otto M. van Delden, Mario Pirisi, Nick Stern, Bruno Sangro, Tim MeyerWaleed Fateen, Marta García-Fiñana, Asmaa Gomaa, Imam Waked, Eman Rewisha, Guru P. Aithal, Simon Travis, Masatoshi Kudo, Alessandro Cucchetti, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, R. B. Takkenberg, Stephen L. Chan, Arndt Vogel, Philip J. Johnson*

*Corresponding author for this work
23 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background and Aims: The heterogeneity of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the widespread use of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) outside recommended guidelines have encouraged the development of scoring systems that predict patient survival. The aim of this study was to build and validate statistical models that offer individualized patient survival prediction using response to TACE as a variable. Approach and Results: Clinically relevant baseline parameters were collected for 4,621 patients with HCC treated with TACE at 19 centers in 11 countries. In some of the centers, radiological responses (as assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [mRECIST]) were also accrued. The data set was divided into a training set, an internal validation set, and two external validation sets. A pre-TACE model (“Pre-TACE-Predict”) and a post-TACE model (“Post-TACE-Predict”) that included response were built. The performance of the models in predicting overall survival (OS) was compared with existing ones. The median OS was 19.9 months. The factors influencing survival were tumor number and size, alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, bilirubin, vascular invasion, cause, and response as assessed by mRECIST. The proposed models showed superior predictive accuracy compared with existing models (the hepatoma arterial embolization prognostic score and its various modifications) and allowed for patient stratification into four distinct risk categories whose median OS ranged from 7 months to more than 4 years. Conclusions: A TACE-specific and extensively validated model based on routinely available clinical features and response after first TACE permitted patient-level prognostication.

Original languageEnglish
JournalHepatology
Volume72
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)198-212
Number of pages15
ISSN0270-9139
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.07.2020

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