Abstract
Pre- and perinatal complications have been implicated in the onset and clinical expression of Tourette syndrome albeit with considerable inconsistencies across studies. Also, little is known about their role in co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with a tic disorder. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of pre- and perinatal complications in relation to the presence and symptom severity of chronic tic disorder and co-occurring OCD and ADHD using data of 1113 participants from the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics study. This study included 586 participants with a chronic tic disorder and 527 unaffected family controls. We controlled for age and sex differences by creating propensity score matched subsamples for both case-control and within-case analyses. We found that premature birth (OR = 1.72) and morning sickness requiring medical attention (OR = 2.57) were associated with the presence of a chronic tic disorder. Also, the total number of pre- and perinatal complications was higher in those with a tic disorder (OR = 1.07). Furthermore, neonatal complications were related to the presence (OR = 1.46) and severity (b = 2.27) of co-occurring OCD and also to ADHD severity (b = 1.09). Delivery complications were only related to co-occurring OCD (OR = 1.49). We conclude that early exposure to adverse situations during pregnancy is related to the presence of chronic tic disorders. Exposure at a later stage, at birth or during the first weeks of life, appears to be associated with co-occurring OCD and ADHD.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Journal of Psychiatric Research |
| Volume | 82 |
| Pages (from-to) | 126-135 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| ISSN | 0022-3956 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 01.11.2016 |
Funding
This study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH092290 to LWB; R01MH092291 to SK; R01MH092292 to BJC; R01MH092293 to GAH and JAT; R01MH092513 to SHZ; R01MH092516 to DEG; R01MH092520 DLG; R01MH092289 to MWS; K08MH099424 to TVF) and NJCTS (NJ Center for Tourette Syndrome and Associated Disorders; to GAH and JAT). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This work was additionally supported by grants from Spain (to PM): the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI10/01674, PI13/01461), the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucía (CVI-02526, CTS-7685), the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía (PI-0741/2010, PI-0437-2012, PI-0471-2013), the Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, the Fundación Mutua Madrileña and the Jaques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation; grants from Germany (to AM): Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG: MU 1692/3-1, MU 1692/4-1 and project C5 of the SFB 936). This research was also supported in part by an Informatics Starter Grant from the PhRMA Foundation (to YB). None of the study sponsors were involved in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Dr. Gilbert has received honoraria from the Tourette Syndrome Association/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics; has received book royalties from Elsevier, and one-time consulting fees for clinical trial design from Teva/Auspex pharmaceuticals, and has received compensation for expert testimony for the U.S. D.O.J. D.V.I.C. program. Dr. Gilbert has also received research support (for Tourette Syndrome, ADHD) from the NIH (NIMH R01 MH092520, NIMH R01 MH081854, NIMH R01 104651, NINDS R01 NS085023), and from Ecopipam Pharmaceuticals (clinical trial, Tourette Syndrome). Dr. Maras is a speaker, consultant for Lilly, Neurim, and Janssen. The following authors reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest: Mohamed Abdulkadir, Lawrence W. Brown, Keun-Ah Cheon, Barbara J. Coffey, Sebastian F.T.M. de Bruijn, Andrea Dietrich, Lonneke Elzerman, Thomas V. Fernandez, Blanca Garcia-Delgar, Dorothy E. Grice, Julie Hagstrøm, Tammy Hedderly, Gary A. Heiman, Isobel Heyman, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Hyun Ju Hong, Chaim Huyser, Laura Ibanez-Gomez, Young Key Kim, Young-Shin Kim, Robert King, Yun-Joo Koh, Sodahm Kook, Samuel Kuperman, Andreas Lamerz, Bennett L. Leventhal, Andrea G. Ludolph, Marcos Madruga-Garrido, Marieke D. Messchendorp, Pablo Mir, Astrid Morer, Alexander Münchau, Tara L. Murphy, Thaïra J.C. Openneer, Kerstin J. Plessen, Judith J.G. Rath, Veit Roessner, Odette Fründt, Eun-Young Shin, Deborah A. Sival, Dong-Ho Song, Jungeun Song, Matthew W. State, Anne-Marie Stolte, Jay A. Tischfield, Jennifer Tübing, Els van den Ban, Frank Visscher, Sina Wanderer, Martin Woods, and Samuel H. Zinner.
Research Areas and Centers
- Academic Focus: Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM)
