Piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy of pancreatic duct stones

Objectives: The efficacy of extracorporeal piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy in patients with obstructing pancreatic duct stones was investigated. Methods: Fifty patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis and obstructing pancreatolithiasis were treated by ESWL (Piezolith 2500). Shock wave treatment was administered, inasmuch as the stones were not extractable by initially applied endoscopic measures. Results: A total of 119 (2.4 ± 1.4, range 1-7) lithotripsy sessions were conducted; only mild sedation/analgesia was used. Optimum targeting of the concrements in the shock wave focus was achieved in 17 (14%) treatment sessions with ultrasonography only; it was achieved in 65 (55%) cases by fluoroscopy and, in further 37 (31%) sessions by using both localization systems. Stone fragmentation was successful in 43 (86%) patients. Nineteen (38%) patients achieved spontaneous stone discharge after shock wave lithotripsy. In 11 (22%) cases, it was possible to remove all fragments endoscopically; residual fragments remained in 20 (40%) patients. Severe complications attributable to shock wave application did not occur. During follow-up, six patients had to be referred to surgery; two male patients died of specific diabetic complications and pleural mesothelioma, respectively. Thirty-five (90%) of 39 patients whose conditions were followed for 2-50 (20 ± 14) months reported improvement of their pain sensations. Six (15%) patients required endoscopic treatment, including ESWL in five of those patients, to be repeated due to recurrent formation of calculi in the main pancreatic duct, which was again successful in five of the six patients. Conclusions: Piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy offers a basis for safe and effective fragmentation of pancreatic stones and facilitates endoscopic procedures. Most of the patients with obstructing pancreatic stones became stonefree and showed a significant reduction of pain.