TY - JOUR
T1 - Photodynamic diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with hexaminolevulinate cystoscopy: A meta-analysis of detection and recurrence based on raw data
AU - Burger, Maximilian
AU - Grossman, H. Barton
AU - Droller, Michael
AU - Schmidbauer, Joerg
AU - Hermann, Gregers
AU - Drǎgoescu, Octavian
AU - Ray, Eleanor
AU - Fradet, Yves
AU - Karl, Alexander
AU - Burgués, Juan Pablo
AU - Witjes, J. Alfred
AU - Stenzl, Arnulf
AU - Jichlinski, Patrice
AU - Jocham, Dieter
PY - 2013/11/1
Y1 - 2013/11/1
N2 - Background Studies on hexaminolevulinate (HAL) cystoscopy report improved detection of bladder tumours. However, recent meta-analyses report conflicting effects on recurrence. Objective To assess available clinical data for blue light (BL) HAL cystoscopy on the detection of Ta/T1 and carcinoma in situ (CIS) tumours, and on tumour recurrence. Design, setting, and participants This meta-analysis reviewed raw data from prospective studies on 1345 patients with known or suspected non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Intervention A single application of HAL cystoscopy was used as an adjunct to white light (WL) cystoscopy. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We studied the detection of NMIBC (intention to treat [ITT]: n = 831; six studies) and recurrence (per protocol: n = 634; three studies) up to 1 yr. DerSimonian and Laird's random-effects model was used to obtain pooled relative risks (RRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes for detection. Results and limitations BL cystoscopy detected significantly more Ta tumours (14.7%; p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 4.898; 95% CI, 1.937-12.390) and CIS lesions (40.8%; p < 0.001; OR: 12.372; 95% CI, 6.343-24.133) than WL. There were 24.9% patients with at least one additional Ta/T1 tumour seen with BL (p < 0.001), significant also in patients with primary (20.7%; p < 0.001) and recurrent cancer (27.7%; p < 0.001), and in patients at high risk (27.0%; p < 0.001) and intermediate risk (35.7%; p = 0.004). In 26.7% of patients, CIS was detected only by BL (p < 0.001) and was also significant in patients with primary (28.0%; p < 0.001) and recurrent cancer (25.0%; p < 0.001). Recurrence rates up to 12 mo were significantly lower overall with BL, 34.5% versus 45.4% (p = 0.006; RR: 0.761 [0.627-0.924]), and lower in patients with T1 or CIS (p = 0.052; RR: 0.696 [0.482-1.003]), Ta (p = 0.040; RR: 0.804 [0.653-0.991]), and in high-risk (p = 0.050) and low-risk (p = 0.029) subgroups. Some subgroups had too few patients to allow statistically meaningful analysis. Heterogeneity was minimised by the statistical analysis method used. Conclusions This meta-analysis confirms that HAL BL cystoscopy significantly improves the detection of bladder tumours leading to a reduction of recurrence at 9-12 mo. The benefit is independent of the level of risk and is evident in patients with Ta, T1, CIS, primary, and recurrent cancer.
AB - Background Studies on hexaminolevulinate (HAL) cystoscopy report improved detection of bladder tumours. However, recent meta-analyses report conflicting effects on recurrence. Objective To assess available clinical data for blue light (BL) HAL cystoscopy on the detection of Ta/T1 and carcinoma in situ (CIS) tumours, and on tumour recurrence. Design, setting, and participants This meta-analysis reviewed raw data from prospective studies on 1345 patients with known or suspected non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Intervention A single application of HAL cystoscopy was used as an adjunct to white light (WL) cystoscopy. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We studied the detection of NMIBC (intention to treat [ITT]: n = 831; six studies) and recurrence (per protocol: n = 634; three studies) up to 1 yr. DerSimonian and Laird's random-effects model was used to obtain pooled relative risks (RRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes for detection. Results and limitations BL cystoscopy detected significantly more Ta tumours (14.7%; p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 4.898; 95% CI, 1.937-12.390) and CIS lesions (40.8%; p < 0.001; OR: 12.372; 95% CI, 6.343-24.133) than WL. There were 24.9% patients with at least one additional Ta/T1 tumour seen with BL (p < 0.001), significant also in patients with primary (20.7%; p < 0.001) and recurrent cancer (27.7%; p < 0.001), and in patients at high risk (27.0%; p < 0.001) and intermediate risk (35.7%; p = 0.004). In 26.7% of patients, CIS was detected only by BL (p < 0.001) and was also significant in patients with primary (28.0%; p < 0.001) and recurrent cancer (25.0%; p < 0.001). Recurrence rates up to 12 mo were significantly lower overall with BL, 34.5% versus 45.4% (p = 0.006; RR: 0.761 [0.627-0.924]), and lower in patients with T1 or CIS (p = 0.052; RR: 0.696 [0.482-1.003]), Ta (p = 0.040; RR: 0.804 [0.653-0.991]), and in high-risk (p = 0.050) and low-risk (p = 0.029) subgroups. Some subgroups had too few patients to allow statistically meaningful analysis. Heterogeneity was minimised by the statistical analysis method used. Conclusions This meta-analysis confirms that HAL BL cystoscopy significantly improves the detection of bladder tumours leading to a reduction of recurrence at 9-12 mo. The benefit is independent of the level of risk and is evident in patients with Ta, T1, CIS, primary, and recurrent cancer.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84885429377&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.03.059
DO - 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.03.059
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 23602406
AN - SCOPUS:84885429377
SN - 0302-2838
VL - 64
SP - 846
EP - 854
JO - European Urology
JF - European Urology
IS - 5
ER -