Nanodevice-Based Continuous LDL Surveillance for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Continuous intravascular monitoring of molecular biomarkers has the potential to enable early detection of pathological changes and to support data-driven medical decision-making. This work presents a simulation-based feasibility study of nanoscale devices designed for continuous detection of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles within the bloodstream. We developed a physical model of LDL particles and DNA-box-based nanodevices and implemented it within the MEHLISSA simulation framework as a probabilistic, radius-based interaction model. We simulated a total of 6,359 nanodevices for 20 minutes under two LDL concentration phases and analyzed detection rates and threshold exceedance. Detection rates scaled linearly with concentration, increasing from 7.8 to 15.6 detections per second. A 50% exceedance threshold enabled rapid identification of concentration changes within seconds. The findings indicate that continuous LDL monitoring using circulating nanodevices is technically plausible within the modeled constraints and suitable for integration into larger monitoring or digital twin architectures. The presented simulation framework provides a basis for further refinement, including enhanced hydrodynamic modeling and extension to additional biomarkers.