Laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer

Background: Laparoscopic colorectal procedures for the treatment of benign disorders are increasingly appreciated and have become the standard procedure for e.g. surgical treatment for recurrent diverticulitis. Methods: Data show that even laparoscopic surgery for left sided colon cancer is seen as oncologically equal to the classic open resection. Laparoscopic resections offer several benefits e.g. minimal impairment of gastrointestinal and pulmonary functions, lower immunosuppression, shorter hospital stay, and faster reconvalescence. Results: However, laparoscopic resections for rectal cancer are still discussed controversially as concerns are raised in terms of oncologic radicality, port-site metastases, autonomic nerve preservation, and completeness of total mesorectal excision especially in obese male patients with a tight pelvis. Conclusions: The clinical reality and several studies demonstrate that laparoscopic rectal surgery for cancer is oncologically feasible, lymph node dissection is equivalent to open surgery, and the incidence of port-site recurrence is not increased compared to wound recurrence in conventional laparotomy.