TY - JOUR
T1 - Kinetics of the Antibody Response to Boostering With Three Different Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2
AU - Markewitz, Robert
AU - Juhl, David
AU - Pauli, Daniela
AU - Görg, Siegfried
AU - Junker, Ralf
AU - Rupp, Jan
AU - Engel, Sarah
AU - Steinhagen, Katja
AU - Herbst, Victor
AU - Zapf, Dorinja
AU - Krüger, Christina
AU - Brockmann, Christian
AU - Leypoldt, Frank
AU - Dargvainiene, Justina
AU - Schomburg, Benjamin
AU - Sharifzadeh, Shahpour
AU - Nejad, Lukas Salek
AU - Wandinger, Klaus Peter
AU - Ziemann, Malte
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Markewitz, Juhl, Pauli, Görg, Junker, Rupp, Engel, Steinhagen, Herbst, Zapf, Krüger, Brockmann, Leypoldt, Dargvainiene, Schomburg, Sharifzadeh, Nejad, Wandinger and Ziemann.
PY - 2022/2/8
Y1 - 2022/2/8
N2 - Background: Heterologous vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and a second dose of an mRNA-based vaccine have been shown to be more immunogenic than homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. In the current study, we examined the kinetics of the antibody response to the second dose of three different vaccination regimens (homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vs. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 + BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) against SARS-CoV-2 in a longitudinal manner; whether there are differences in latency or amplitude of the early response and which markers are most suitable to detect these responses. Methods: We performed assays for anti-S1 IgG and IgA, anti-NCP IgG and a surrogate neutralization assay on serum samples collected from 57 participants on the day of the second vaccination as well as the following seven days. Results: All examined vaccination regimens induced detectable antibody responses within the examined time frame. Both heterologous regimens induced responses earlier and with a higher amplitude than homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Between the heterologous regimens, amplitudes were somewhat higher for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 + mRNA-1273. There was no difference in latency between the IgG and IgA responses. Increases in the surrogate neutralization assay were the first changes to be detectable for all regimens and the only significant change seen for homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Discussion: Both examined heterologous vaccination regimens are superior in immunogenicity, including the latency of the response, to homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. While the IgA response has a shorter latency than the IgG response after the first dose, no such difference was found after the second dose, implying that both responses are driven by separate plasma cell populations. Early and steep increases in surrogate neutralization levels suggest that this might be a more sensitive marker for antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 than absolute levels of anti-S1 IgG.
AB - Background: Heterologous vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and a second dose of an mRNA-based vaccine have been shown to be more immunogenic than homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. In the current study, we examined the kinetics of the antibody response to the second dose of three different vaccination regimens (homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vs. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 + BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) against SARS-CoV-2 in a longitudinal manner; whether there are differences in latency or amplitude of the early response and which markers are most suitable to detect these responses. Methods: We performed assays for anti-S1 IgG and IgA, anti-NCP IgG and a surrogate neutralization assay on serum samples collected from 57 participants on the day of the second vaccination as well as the following seven days. Results: All examined vaccination regimens induced detectable antibody responses within the examined time frame. Both heterologous regimens induced responses earlier and with a higher amplitude than homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Between the heterologous regimens, amplitudes were somewhat higher for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 + mRNA-1273. There was no difference in latency between the IgG and IgA responses. Increases in the surrogate neutralization assay were the first changes to be detectable for all regimens and the only significant change seen for homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Discussion: Both examined heterologous vaccination regimens are superior in immunogenicity, including the latency of the response, to homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. While the IgA response has a shorter latency than the IgG response after the first dose, no such difference was found after the second dose, implying that both responses are driven by separate plasma cell populations. Early and steep increases in surrogate neutralization levels suggest that this might be a more sensitive marker for antibody responses after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 than absolute levels of anti-S1 IgG.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124014836&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/aaf30222-6a41-3ef4-8024-1ce4df3b34a5/
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811020
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811020
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 35126395
AN - SCOPUS:85124014836
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 13
SP - 811020
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
M1 - 811020
ER -
