TY - JOUR
T1 - Insights on auditory closed-loop stimulation targeting sleep spindles in slow oscillation up-states
AU - Ngo, Hong Viet V.
AU - Seibold, Mitja
AU - Boche, Désirée C.
AU - Mölle, Matthias
AU - Born, Jan
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ( TR-SFB 654 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/3/15
Y1 - 2019/3/15
N2 - Background: The consolidation of sleep-dependent memories is mediated by an interplay of cortical slow oscillations (SOs) and thalamo-cortical sleep spindles. Whereas an enhancement of SOs with auditory closed-loop stimulation has been proven highly successful, the feasibility to induce and boost sleep spindles with auditory stimulation remains unknown thus far. New method: Here we tested the possibility to enhance spindle activity during endogenous SOs and thereby to promote memory consolidation. Performing a sleep study in healthy humans, we applied an auditory Spindle stimulation and compared it with an Arrhythmic stimulation and a control condition comprising no stimulation (Sham). Results: With Spindle stimulation we were not able to directly entrain endogenous spindle activity during SO up-states. Instead, both Spindle and Arrhythmic stimulation evoked a resonant SO response accompanied by an increase in spindle power phase-locked to the SO up-state. Assessment of overnight retention of declarative word-pairs revealed no difference between all conditions. Comparison with existing methods: Our Spindle stimulation produced oscillatory evoked responses (i.e., increases in SOs and spindle activity during SO up-states) quite similar to those observed after the auditory closed-loop stimulation of SOs in previous studies, lacking however the beneficial effects on memory retention. Conclusion: Our findings put the endeavour for a selective enhancement of spindle activity via auditory pathways into perspective and reveal central questions with regard to the stimulation efficacy on both an electrophysiological and a neurobehavioral level.
AB - Background: The consolidation of sleep-dependent memories is mediated by an interplay of cortical slow oscillations (SOs) and thalamo-cortical sleep spindles. Whereas an enhancement of SOs with auditory closed-loop stimulation has been proven highly successful, the feasibility to induce and boost sleep spindles with auditory stimulation remains unknown thus far. New method: Here we tested the possibility to enhance spindle activity during endogenous SOs and thereby to promote memory consolidation. Performing a sleep study in healthy humans, we applied an auditory Spindle stimulation and compared it with an Arrhythmic stimulation and a control condition comprising no stimulation (Sham). Results: With Spindle stimulation we were not able to directly entrain endogenous spindle activity during SO up-states. Instead, both Spindle and Arrhythmic stimulation evoked a resonant SO response accompanied by an increase in spindle power phase-locked to the SO up-state. Assessment of overnight retention of declarative word-pairs revealed no difference between all conditions. Comparison with existing methods: Our Spindle stimulation produced oscillatory evoked responses (i.e., increases in SOs and spindle activity during SO up-states) quite similar to those observed after the auditory closed-loop stimulation of SOs in previous studies, lacking however the beneficial effects on memory retention. Conclusion: Our findings put the endeavour for a selective enhancement of spindle activity via auditory pathways into perspective and reveal central questions with regard to the stimulation efficacy on both an electrophysiological and a neurobehavioral level.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053038155&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.006
DO - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.006
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 30194953
AN - SCOPUS:85053038155
SN - 0165-0270
VL - 316
SP - 117
EP - 124
JO - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
JF - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
ER -