TY - JOUR
T1 - Frequency and clinical significance of Herpes simplex virus type 1/2 reactivation in adult patients with mild to moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia
T2 - a multicentre cohort study
AU - on behalf of the CAPNETZ Study Group
AU - Bahrs, Christina
AU - Schönherr, Christian
AU - Panning, Marcus
AU - Rose, Norman
AU - Dähne, Theo
AU - Hagel, Stefan
AU - Weis, Sebastian
AU - Rupp, Jan
AU - Rohde, Gernot
AU - Witzenrath, Martin
AU - Pletz, Mathias W.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2025/2
Y1 - 2025/2
N2 - Purpose: This study assessed the frequency, clinical significance, and risk factors for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: The study included adult CAP-patients who were enrolled in the CAPNETZ study between 2007 and 2017 and had a residual sputum sample available for analysis. In addition to routine diagnostics, sputum and blood samples were tested for HSV-1/2 using PCR. Demographics, comorbidities, and CRB-65 score were compared between HSV-positive and negative patients using Fisher exact or Mann Whitney test. Logistic regression analyses investigated the influence of HSV reactivation on a modified hospital recovery scale (HRS) until day 7, divided into 3 categories (no oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, ICU admission or death). Results: Among 245 patients, HSV-1 and HSV-2 were detected in 30 patients (12.2%, 95%CI 8.7–16.9) and 0 patients, respectively. All HSV-positive patients were hospitalized, had a CRB-65 severity score of 0–2 and survived the first 28 day. In the HSV-positive group, patients had a non-significantly higher median age (70.5 versus 66 years) and a higher rate of oncological comorbidities (16.7% versus 8.8%) compared to the HSV-negative group. Distribution of co-pathogens and outcome parameters did not significantly differ between both groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age (AOR 1.029, p = 0.012) and CRB-65 score (AOR 1.709, p = 0.048), but not HSV-1 as single or co-pathogen were independently associated with higher HRS. Conclusion: Our study suggests that HSV-1 reactivation is common in CAP but might not be associated with specific risk factors or a complicated disease course.
AB - Purpose: This study assessed the frequency, clinical significance, and risk factors for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: The study included adult CAP-patients who were enrolled in the CAPNETZ study between 2007 and 2017 and had a residual sputum sample available for analysis. In addition to routine diagnostics, sputum and blood samples were tested for HSV-1/2 using PCR. Demographics, comorbidities, and CRB-65 score were compared between HSV-positive and negative patients using Fisher exact or Mann Whitney test. Logistic regression analyses investigated the influence of HSV reactivation on a modified hospital recovery scale (HRS) until day 7, divided into 3 categories (no oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, ICU admission or death). Results: Among 245 patients, HSV-1 and HSV-2 were detected in 30 patients (12.2%, 95%CI 8.7–16.9) and 0 patients, respectively. All HSV-positive patients were hospitalized, had a CRB-65 severity score of 0–2 and survived the first 28 day. In the HSV-positive group, patients had a non-significantly higher median age (70.5 versus 66 years) and a higher rate of oncological comorbidities (16.7% versus 8.8%) compared to the HSV-negative group. Distribution of co-pathogens and outcome parameters did not significantly differ between both groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age (AOR 1.029, p = 0.012) and CRB-65 score (AOR 1.709, p = 0.048), but not HSV-1 as single or co-pathogen were independently associated with higher HRS. Conclusion: Our study suggests that HSV-1 reactivation is common in CAP but might not be associated with specific risk factors or a complicated disease course.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85199138035&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s15010-024-02351-5
DO - 10.1007/s15010-024-02351-5
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 39033207
AN - SCOPUS:85199138035
SN - 0300-8126
VL - 53
SP - 449
EP - 455
JO - Infection
JF - Infection
IS - 1
M1 - 106952
ER -