Factors influencing morbidity and mortality in infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome treated with single or multiple doses of a natural porcine surfactant

In an international multicenter trial infants with clinical and radiological signs of severe RDS (age 2–15 h, birthweight 700–2,000 g, mechanical ventilation, FiO₂ ≥ 0.6, no complicating disease) were randomized to receive either a single dose (n = 176) or up to three subsequent doses (n = 167) of a natural porcine surfactant (Curosurf). Using a logistic regression model, the effects of therapy, birthweight, sex, hospital and other clinical factors on surv ival and various outcome parameters were evaluated. Mortality (13 vs. 21%, p < 0.05) and the incidence of pneumothorax (9 vs. 18%, p < 0.01) were significantly lower in the multiple-dose group. Low birthweight, hospital allocation, low Apgar score and initial disease severity were associated with an increased mortality. Low birthweight, hypothermia (admission temperature <36°C) and acidosis (pH < 7.25) prior to surfactant treatment could be identified as risk factors for the development of intracranial hemorrhage.