Factors affecting outcome after ICSI with spermatozoa retrieved from cryopreserved testicular tissue in non-obstructive azoospermia

There is a lack of data regarding variables affecting the treatment outcome for non-obsructive azoospermia when spermatozoa from cryopreserved testicular specimens are utilized for ICSI. The objective of the present retrospective analysis was to investigate the effect of various parameters on treatment outcome it such cases. One hundred and sixty-five couples with non-obstructive azoospermic males undergoing a total of 297 cycles were included. In all cases the testicular tissue retrieved by multiple open-biopsy testicular sperm extraction was stored in liquid nitrogen and, after thawing, only, mature spermatozoa were used for ICSI. When no motile spermatozoa were recovered, immotile spermatoa were used. In 159 cycles, motile spermatozoa were utilized for ICSI, while in 138 cycles immotile spermatozoa were utilized. Higher normal fertilization rate (60.4. ± 3.1 versus 51.3 ± 1.6%, P < 0.05), number of emberyos transffered (2.8 ± 0.06 versus 2.6 ± 0.04, P < 0.05), modified cumulative embryo score (31.2 ± 2.6 versus 0.04, P < 0.05), modified cumulative embryo score 31.2 ± 2.6% ± spermatozoa injected (67.8 versus 49.8%, P < 0.05) were observed in cycles that resulted in clinical pregnancies. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that sperm motility (odds ratio 2.06, 95% CI 1.1-3.9, P < 0.05), but not woman's age, number of treatment cycle, type of GnRH-analogue used for pituitary suppression, number of oocytes retrieved or number of embryos transferred was a significant determinant of the likelihood of clinical pregnancy. It conclusion, sperm motility after freeze/thawing of testicular tissue is the major determinant of the success of ICSI in non-obstructive azoospermia.