TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploiting biomechanical degrees of freedom for fast and accurate changes in movement direction
T2 - Coordination underlying quick bow reversals during continuous cello bowing
AU - Verrel, Julius
AU - Pologe, Steven
AU - Manselle, Wayne
AU - Lindenberger, Ulman
AU - Woollacott, Marjorie
PY - 2013/4/9
Y1 - 2013/4/9
N2 - Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that accurate and efficient motor performance may be achieved by task-specific exploitation of biomechanical degrees of freedom. We investigate coordination of the right arm in a task requiring a sudden yet precisely controlled reversal of movement direction: bow reversals during continuous ("legato") tone production on a stringed instrument. Ten advanced or professional cello players (at least ten years of practice) and ten agematched novice players took part in the study. Kinematic data from the bow and the right arm were analyzed in terms of velocity and acceleration profiles, as well as temporal coordination along the arm. As expected, experts' bow velocity and acceleration profiles differed markedly from those of novice participants, with higher peak accelerations and quicker direction changes. Importantly, experts achieved the change in movement direction with a single acceleration peak while novices tended to use multiple smaller acceleration peaks. Experts moreover showed a proximal-distal gradient in timing and amplitudes of acceleration peaks, with earlier and loweramplitude reversals at more proximal joints. We suggest that this coordination pattern allows generating high accelerations at the end effector while reducing the required joint torques at the proximal joints. This may underlie experts' ability to produce fast bow reversals efficiently and with high spatiotemporal accuracy. The findings are discussed in terms of motor control theory as well as potential implications for musicians' performance and health.
AB - Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that accurate and efficient motor performance may be achieved by task-specific exploitation of biomechanical degrees of freedom. We investigate coordination of the right arm in a task requiring a sudden yet precisely controlled reversal of movement direction: bow reversals during continuous ("legato") tone production on a stringed instrument. Ten advanced or professional cello players (at least ten years of practice) and ten agematched novice players took part in the study. Kinematic data from the bow and the right arm were analyzed in terms of velocity and acceleration profiles, as well as temporal coordination along the arm. As expected, experts' bow velocity and acceleration profiles differed markedly from those of novice participants, with higher peak accelerations and quicker direction changes. Importantly, experts achieved the change in movement direction with a single acceleration peak while novices tended to use multiple smaller acceleration peaks. Experts moreover showed a proximal-distal gradient in timing and amplitudes of acceleration peaks, with earlier and loweramplitude reversals at more proximal joints. We suggest that this coordination pattern allows generating high accelerations at the end effector while reducing the required joint torques at the proximal joints. This may underlie experts' ability to produce fast bow reversals efficiently and with high spatiotemporal accuracy. The findings are discussed in terms of motor control theory as well as potential implications for musicians' performance and health.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84933677662&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00157
DO - 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00157
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:84933677662
SN - 1662-5161
JO - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
IS - APR 2013
ER -