TY - JOUR
T1 - Early age exposure to moisture and mould is related to FeNO at the age of 6 years
AU - Tischer, Christina
AU - Karvonen, Anne M.
AU - Kirjavainen, Pirkka V.
AU - Flexeder, Claudia
AU - Roponen, Marjut
AU - Hyvärinen, Anne
AU - Renz, Harald
AU - Frey, Urs Peter
AU - Fuchs, Oliver
AU - Pekkanen, Juha
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by research grants from the Academy of Finland (grants 139021; 287675); the Juho Vainio Foundation (no grant nr); the Foundation for Pediatric Research (no grant nr); Competitive State Research Funding for the Kuopio University Hospital Catchment Area (no grant nr); Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation (no grant nr); the Finnish Cultural Foundation (no grant nr); European Union (grant nr QLK4‐CT‐2001‐00250); and by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (no grant nr)
Funding Information:
HR is supported by the German Centre of Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC). JP reported grants from EU, grants from Academy of Finland, and minor grants from Finnish foundations supporting medical research (Juho Vainio Foundation, Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg foundation, Finnish cultural foundation). OF reported personal fees from aha! Swiss Allergy Centre, Menarini Switzerland, Novartis Switzerland, ALK Abelló Switzerland, Vifor Switzerland, Milupa/Nutricia Switzerland, Stallergenes Greer Switzerland, and Bencard Switzerland outside the submitted work. All remaining authors have nothing to disclose.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Background: Exposure to indoor moisture damage and visible mold has been found to be associated with asthma and respiratory symptoms in several questionnaire-based studies by self-report. We aimed to define the prospective association between the early life exposure to residential moisture damage or mold and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function parameters as objective markers for airway inflammation and asthma in 6-year-old children. Methods: Home inspections were performed in children's homes when infants were on average 5 months old. At age 6 years, data on FeNO (n = 322) as well as lung function (n = 216) measurements were collected. Logistic regression and generalized additive models were used for statistical analyses. Results: Early age major moisture damage and moisture damage or mold in the child's main living areas were significantly associated with increased FeNO levels (>75th percentile) at the age of 6 years (adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, aOR (95% CI): 3.10 (1.35-7.07) and 3.16 (1.43-6.98), respectively. Effects were more pronounced in those who did not change residential address throughout the study period. For lung function, major structural damage within the whole home was associated with reduced FEV1 and FVC, but not with FEV1/FVC. No association with lung function was observed with early moisture damage or mold in the child's main living areas. Conclusion: These results underline the importance of prevention and remediation efforts of moisture and mold-damaged buildings in order to avoid harmful effects within the vulnerable phase of the infants and children's immunologic development.
AB - Background: Exposure to indoor moisture damage and visible mold has been found to be associated with asthma and respiratory symptoms in several questionnaire-based studies by self-report. We aimed to define the prospective association between the early life exposure to residential moisture damage or mold and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function parameters as objective markers for airway inflammation and asthma in 6-year-old children. Methods: Home inspections were performed in children's homes when infants were on average 5 months old. At age 6 years, data on FeNO (n = 322) as well as lung function (n = 216) measurements were collected. Logistic regression and generalized additive models were used for statistical analyses. Results: Early age major moisture damage and moisture damage or mold in the child's main living areas were significantly associated with increased FeNO levels (>75th percentile) at the age of 6 years (adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, aOR (95% CI): 3.10 (1.35-7.07) and 3.16 (1.43-6.98), respectively. Effects were more pronounced in those who did not change residential address throughout the study period. For lung function, major structural damage within the whole home was associated with reduced FEV1 and FVC, but not with FEV1/FVC. No association with lung function was observed with early moisture damage or mold in the child's main living areas. Conclusion: These results underline the importance of prevention and remediation efforts of moisture and mold-damaged buildings in order to avoid harmful effects within the vulnerable phase of the infants and children's immunologic development.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105395507&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/f8e29b88-a07b-3de6-b5a8-598ed45a5df3/
U2 - 10.1111/pai.13526
DO - 10.1111/pai.13526
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 33894090
AN - SCOPUS:85105395507
SN - 0905-6157
VL - 32
SP - 1226
EP - 1237
JO - Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
JF - Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
IS - 6
ER -
