Dysphonien bei Kindern - Teil 1: Interdisziplinärer Konsens über Definition, Pathophysiologie und Prävalenz

Background: At present there are no guidelines available for dysphonia in childhood. The opinions about aetiology, pathogenesis and prevalence differ strongly. Aims: The purpose of this study was to reach an interdisciplinary consensus about the mechanism of pathogenesis of voice disorders in children. Methods: By means of an interdisciplinary exchange of experience, nominal group technique, consensus development, discussion about treatment concepts together with a review of the current publications on concepts, prevalence, diagnostics, therapies, and their evidence this study was conducted in order to develop expert opinions. Results: Only low evidence levels were found concerning aetiology, pathogenesis and prevalence of voice disorders in children in the evaluated literature. Therefore, the experiences of different disciplines were evaluated. The consensus was held in a nominal group process. We were in agreement that every chronic dysphonia lasting for more than 3 weeks has to be examined by an expert physician, voice therapist and, as appropriate, by a psychologist. Dysphonia can stand for an altered voice, reduced maximum loudness, reduced voice quality, and/or other abnormal sensations associated with voicing. When organic causes can be excluded, psychological and functional factors need to be discussed. Discussion and Conclusion: Many of the questions on diagnosis and treatment of dysphonia in children are still not yet answered and need further research. Until this occurs, experts are challenged to conduct future research and develop an interdisciplinary flow chart. Every chronic dysphonia has to be examined by an expert for paediatric voice disorders.