Dietary fat intake, pesticide use, and Parkinson's disease

Freya Kamel*, Samuel M. Goldman, David M. Umbach, Honglei Chen, Gina Richardson, Marie Richards Barber, Cheryl Meng, Connie Marras, Monica Korell, Meike Kasten, Jane A. Hoppin, Kathleen Comyns, Anabel Chade, Aaron Blair, Grace S. Bhudhikanok, G. Webster Ross, J. William Langston, Dale P. Sandler, Caroline M. Tanner

*Corresponding author for this work
29 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Dietary fat intake may modify Parkinson's disease (PD) risk directly or by altering the response to environmental neurotoxicants including pesticides. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of PD nested in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a cohort of pesticide applicators and spouses. We evaluated diet and pesticide use before diagnosis in 89 PD cases, confirmed by movement disorder specialists, or a corresponding date in 336 frequency-matched controls. Associations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In the AHS, PD was inversely associated with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8 for highest vs. lowest tertile) and the N-3 precursor α-linolenic acid (0.4, 0.2-0.8). In a meta-analysis of nine studies, including the present one, PD was inversely associated with α-linolenic acid (0.81, 0.68-0.96). In the AHS, associations of PD with the pesticides paraquat and rotenone were modified by fat intake. The OR for paraquat was 4.2 (1.5-12) in individuals with PUFA intake below the median but 1.2 (0.4-3.4) in those with higher intake (p-interaction=0.10). The OR for rotenone was 5.8 (2.3-15) in those with saturated fat intake above the median but 1.5 (0.5-4.2) in those with lower intake (p-interaction=0.02). Conclusions: PUFA intake was consistently associated with lower PD risk, and dietary fats modified the association of PD risk with pesticide exposure. If confirmed, these findings suggest that a diet high in PUFAs and low in saturated fats might reduce risk of PD.

Original languageEnglish
JournalParkinsonism and Related Disorders
Volume20
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)82-87
Number of pages6
ISSN1353-8020
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.01.2014

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