Consistency or change in nicotine dependence according to the fagerström test for nicotine dependence over three years in a population sample

Ulrich John; Christian Meyer; Hans Jürgen Rumpf; Anja Schumann; Ulfert Hapke

doi:10.1300/J069v24n01_08

Consistency or change in nicotine dependence according to the fagerström test for nicotine dependence over three years in a population sample

Ulrich John^*, Christian Meyer, Hans Jürgen Rumpf, Anja Schumann, Ulfert Hapke

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapie

University of Greifswald

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The goal was to determine whether nicotine dependence levels remain consistent or change over three years. From a population-based sample of 4075 residents aged 18-64, drawn at random, data of 696 individuals was used, who had smoked cigarettes for 21 years on average. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) at baseline, and 30 and 36 months later. In addition, nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence were diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV). We found an increase in the FTND over 36 months. Subgroups were revealed with sustained high, increasing, decreasing, and sustained low rates of the FTND sum score. Male gender, age at onset of smoking 15 years or younger, DSM-IV nicotine dependence, and DSM-IV alcohol dependence at baseline predicted a sustained high FTND. We conclude that nicotine dependence is increasing even after many years of smoking in an adult population sample.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Addictive Diseases
Volume	24
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	85-100
Number of pages	16
ISSN	1055-0887
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1300/J069v24n01_08
Publication status	Published - 2005

Funding

Data described in this paper is part of the project “Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking (TACOS)” which has been funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology (grant no. 01 EB 9406).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
SDG 10 Reduced Inequalities

Research Areas and Centers

Academic Focus: Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM)

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10.1300/J069v24n01_08

Cite this

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title = "Consistency or change in nicotine dependence according to the fagerstr{\"o}m test for nicotine dependence over three years in a population sample",

abstract = "The goal was to determine whether nicotine dependence levels remain consistent or change over three years. From a population-based sample of 4075 residents aged 18-64, drawn at random, data of 696 individuals was used, who had smoked cigarettes for 21 years on average. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerstr{\"o}m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) at baseline, and 30 and 36 months later. In addition, nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence were diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV). We found an increase in the FTND over 36 months. Subgroups were revealed with sustained high, increasing, decreasing, and sustained low rates of the FTND sum score. Male gender, age at onset of smoking 15 years or younger, DSM-IV nicotine dependence, and DSM-IV alcohol dependence at baseline predicted a sustained high FTND. We conclude that nicotine dependence is increasing even after many years of smoking in an adult population sample.",

author = "Ulrich John and Christian Meyer and Rumpf, \{Hans J{\"u}rgen\} and Anja Schumann and Ulfert Hapke",

note = "Funding Information: Data described in this paper is part of the project “Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking (TACOS)” which has been funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology (grant no. 01 EB 9406). Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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T1 - Consistency or change in nicotine dependence according to the fagerström test for nicotine dependence over three years in a population sample

AU - John, Ulrich

AU - Meyer, Christian

AU - Rumpf, Hans Jürgen

AU - Schumann, Anja

AU - Hapke, Ulfert

N1 - Funding Information: Data described in this paper is part of the project “Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking (TACOS)” which has been funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology (grant no. 01 EB 9406). Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2005

Y1 - 2005

N2 - The goal was to determine whether nicotine dependence levels remain consistent or change over three years. From a population-based sample of 4075 residents aged 18-64, drawn at random, data of 696 individuals was used, who had smoked cigarettes for 21 years on average. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) at baseline, and 30 and 36 months later. In addition, nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence were diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV). We found an increase in the FTND over 36 months. Subgroups were revealed with sustained high, increasing, decreasing, and sustained low rates of the FTND sum score. Male gender, age at onset of smoking 15 years or younger, DSM-IV nicotine dependence, and DSM-IV alcohol dependence at baseline predicted a sustained high FTND. We conclude that nicotine dependence is increasing even after many years of smoking in an adult population sample.

AB - The goal was to determine whether nicotine dependence levels remain consistent or change over three years. From a population-based sample of 4075 residents aged 18-64, drawn at random, data of 696 individuals was used, who had smoked cigarettes for 21 years on average. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) at baseline, and 30 and 36 months later. In addition, nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence were diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV). We found an increase in the FTND over 36 months. Subgroups were revealed with sustained high, increasing, decreasing, and sustained low rates of the FTND sum score. Male gender, age at onset of smoking 15 years or younger, DSM-IV nicotine dependence, and DSM-IV alcohol dependence at baseline predicted a sustained high FTND. We conclude that nicotine dependence is increasing even after many years of smoking in an adult population sample.

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Consistency or change in nicotine dependence according to the fagerström test for nicotine dependence over three years in a population sample

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Research Areas and Centers

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