Abstract
Sickness behavior and cognitive dysfunction occur frequently by unknown mechanisms in virus-infected individuals with malignancies treated with type I interferons (IFNs) and in patients with autoimmune disorders. We found that during sickness behavior, single-stranded RNA viruses, double-stranded RNA ligands, and IFNs shared pathways involving engagement of melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), and subsequently induced IFN responses specifically in brain endothelia and epithelia of mice. Behavioral alterations were specifically dependent on brain endothelial and epithelial IFN receptor chain 1 (IFNAR). Using gene profiling, we identified that the endothelia-derived chemokine ligand CXCL10 mediated behavioral changes through impairment of synaptic plasticity. These results identified brain endothelial and epithelial cells as natural gatekeepers for virus-induced sickness behavior, demonstrated tissue specific IFNAR engagement, and established the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis as target for the treatment of behavioral changes during virus infection and type I IFN therapy.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Immunity |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| Pages (from-to) | 901-912 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| ISSN | 1074-7613 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 19.04.2016 |
Funding
We thank Maria Oberle, Margarethe Ditter, and Christine El Gaz for excellent technical assistance and Silke Dirken for animal care. M.P. was supported by the BMBF-funded competence network of multiple sclerosis (KKNMS), the competence network of neurodegenerative disorders (KNDD), the DFG (PR 577/8-1, Reinhart-Koselleck grant), the ERA-Net NEURON initiative “NEURO-IFN,” and the Gemeinnützige Hertie Foundation (GHST). T.B. was supported by the Marie Curie Integration Grant project N° 248033- MBfUSEDIT submitted under the Call FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG and the DFG (BL 1153/1-1). D.M.-V. was supported by the SFB 874/B1. U.K. was supported by the Niedersachsen-Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT) of the Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony, Germany, and the SFB 854 (TP B15 to U.K.) of the German Research Council. Mouse IFN-β was supplied by Biogen Inc. D.P.B. is an employee of Biogen and owns company stock.
Research Areas and Centers
- Academic Focus: Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM)