Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Border Disease, and Classical Swine Fever Viruses (Flaviviridae)

The pestiviruses bovine viral diarrhea virus, border disease virus and classical swine fever virus (family Flaviviridae) are causative agents of well-known and widely-distributed diseases of cattle, other ruminants and pigs. Classical swine fever and bovine viral diarrhea/ mucosal disease can cause enormous economic losses to livestock industry and, consequently, many countries have implemented control strategies and eradication programmes with and without vaccination. This article summarizes our current knowledge on classification, virion properties, viral replication, pathogenesis and clinical features of BVDV, BDV, and CSFV as well as recent developments with regard to prevention and control of pestivirus-induced diseases.