Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals

Martin Kuhlwilm; Ilan Gronau; Melissa J. Hubisz; Cesare De Filippo; Javier Prado-Martinez; Martin Kircher; Qiaomei Fu; Hernán A. Burbano; Carles Lalueza-Fox; Marco De La Rasilla; Antonio Rosas; Pavao Rudan; Dejana Brajkovic; Željko Kucan; Ivan Gušic; Tomas Marques-Bonet; Aida M. Andrés; Bence Viola; Svante Pääbo; Matthias Meyer; Adam Siepel; Sergi Castellano

doi:10.1038/nature16544

Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals

Martin Kuhlwilm, Ilan Gronau, Melissa J. Hubisz, Cesare De Filippo, Javier Prado-Martinez, Martin Kircher, Qiaomei Fu, Hernán A. Burbano, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Marco De La Rasilla, Antonio Rosas, Pavao Rudan, Dejana Brajkovic, Željko Kucan, Ivan Gušic, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Aida M. Andrés, Bence Viola, Svante Pääbo, Matthias MeyerAdam Siepel^*, Sergi Castellano

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Human Genetics

Abstract

It has been shown that Neanderthals contributed genetically to modern humans outside Africa 47,000-65,000 years ago. Here we analyse the genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia together with the sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia. We find that a population that diverged early from other modern humans in Africa contributed genetically to the ancestors of Neanderthals from the Altai Mountains roughly 100,000 years ago. By contrast, we do not detect such a genetic contribution in the Denisovan or the two European Neanderthals. We conclude that in addition to later interbreeding events, the ancestors of Neanderthals from the Altai Mountains and early modern humans met and interbred, possibly in the Near East, many thousands of years earlier than previously thought.

Original language	English
Journal	Nature
Volume	530
Issue number	7591
Pages (from-to)	429-433
Number of pages	5
ISSN	0028-0836
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16544
Publication status	Published - 25.02.2016

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Kuhlwilm, M., Gronau, I., Hubisz, M. J., De Filippo, C., Prado-Martinez, J., Kircher, M., Fu, Q., Burbano, H. A., Lalueza-Fox, C., De La Rasilla, M., Rosas, A., Rudan, P., Brajkovic, D., Kucan, Ž., Gušic, I., Marques-Bonet, T., Andrés, A. M., Viola, B., Pääbo, S., ... Castellano, S. (2016). Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals. Nature, 530(7591), 429-433. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16544

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title = "Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals",

abstract = "It has been shown that Neanderthals contributed genetically to modern humans outside Africa 47,000-65,000 years ago. Here we analyse the genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia together with the sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia. We find that a population that diverged early from other modern humans in Africa contributed genetically to the ancestors of Neanderthals from the Altai Mountains roughly 100,000 years ago. By contrast, we do not detect such a genetic contribution in the Denisovan or the two European Neanderthals. We conclude that in addition to later interbreeding events, the ancestors of Neanderthals from the Altai Mountains and early modern humans met and interbred, possibly in the Near East, many thousands of years earlier than previously thought.",

author = "Martin Kuhlwilm and Ilan Gronau and Hubisz, {Melissa J.} and {De Filippo}, Cesare and Javier Prado-Martinez and Martin Kircher and Qiaomei Fu and Burbano, {Hern{\'a}n A.} and Carles Lalueza-Fox and {De La Rasilla}, Marco and Antonio Rosas and Pavao Rudan and Dejana Brajkovic and {\v Z}eljko Kucan and Ivan Gu{\v s}ic and Tomas Marques-Bonet and Andr{\'e}s, {Aida M.} and Bence Viola and Svante P{\"a}{\"a}bo and Matthias Meyer and Adam Siepel and Sergi Castellano",

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doi = "10.1038/nature16544",

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Kuhlwilm, M, Gronau, I, Hubisz, MJ, De Filippo, C, Prado-Martinez, J, Kircher, M, Fu, Q, Burbano, HA, Lalueza-Fox, C, De La Rasilla, M, Rosas, A, Rudan, P, Brajkovic, D, Kucan, Ž, Gušic, I, Marques-Bonet, T, Andrés, AM, Viola, B, Pääbo, S, Meyer, M, Siepel, A & Castellano, S 2016, 'Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals', Nature, vol. 530, no. 7591, pp. 429-433. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16544

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals

AU - Kuhlwilm, Martin

AU - Gronau, Ilan

AU - Hubisz, Melissa J.

AU - De Filippo, Cesare

AU - Prado-Martinez, Javier

AU - Kircher, Martin

AU - Fu, Qiaomei

AU - Burbano, Hernán A.

AU - Lalueza-Fox, Carles

AU - De La Rasilla, Marco

AU - Rosas, Antonio

AU - Rudan, Pavao

AU - Brajkovic, Dejana

AU - Kucan, Željko

AU - Gušic, Ivan

AU - Marques-Bonet, Tomas

AU - Andrés, Aida M.

AU - Viola, Bence

AU - Pääbo, Svante

AU - Meyer, Matthias

AU - Siepel, Adam

AU - Castellano, Sergi

PY - 2016/2/25

Y1 - 2016/2/25

N2 - It has been shown that Neanderthals contributed genetically to modern humans outside Africa 47,000-65,000 years ago. Here we analyse the genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia together with the sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia. We find that a population that diverged early from other modern humans in Africa contributed genetically to the ancestors of Neanderthals from the Altai Mountains roughly 100,000 years ago. By contrast, we do not detect such a genetic contribution in the Denisovan or the two European Neanderthals. We conclude that in addition to later interbreeding events, the ancestors of Neanderthals from the Altai Mountains and early modern humans met and interbred, possibly in the Near East, many thousands of years earlier than previously thought.

AB - It has been shown that Neanderthals contributed genetically to modern humans outside Africa 47,000-65,000 years ago. Here we analyse the genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia together with the sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia. We find that a population that diverged early from other modern humans in Africa contributed genetically to the ancestors of Neanderthals from the Altai Mountains roughly 100,000 years ago. By contrast, we do not detect such a genetic contribution in the Denisovan or the two European Neanderthals. We conclude that in addition to later interbreeding events, the ancestors of Neanderthals from the Altai Mountains and early modern humans met and interbred, possibly in the Near East, many thousands of years earlier than previously thought.

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SN - 0028-0836

VL - 530

SP - 429

EP - 433

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7591

ER -

Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals

Abstract

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