PTEN and p27^Kip1 are not downregulated in the majority of renal cell carcinomas - Implications for Akt activation

Activation of the PKB/Akt pathway is supposed to substantially contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of malignant disease. The present study aimed at determining the occurrence of an impaired PTEN and p27^KiP1 expression alone or in combination in a renal cell carcinoma to further clarify the role of Akt-pathway-associated proteins for the development and/or progression of this malignant disease. By using tissue microarray analysis, tissue samples from renal cell cancers and the corresponding benign tissue samples were investigated for expression of the PTEN, pAkt and p27^KiP1 protein by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, a Western blot and RT-PCR analysis was performed to verify the results obtained from the immunohistochemical approach and to further clarify the mechanisms underlying the regulation of both proteins in renal cell cancer. Western blot analysis revealed an overexpression of PTEN and p27^KiP1 in renal cell cancer samples and a significantly elevated expression of both proteins when compared with the corresponding benign tissue (p<0.0001 and p<0.0005). The latter finding was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR (p<0.05 and p<0.01) and immunohistochemistry (p<0.001 and p<0.0001). PTEN and p27^Kip1 expression were positively correlated with each other both in the tumour and benign tissue (p<0.001 and p<0.0001). We concluded that a strong expression of PTEN in renal cell cancer did not block the PI3K-mediated phosphorylation of Akt in the tumour specimens analysed. Furthermore, Akt activation may not result in a decreased p27^KiP1, the latter being retained and overexpressed in the majority of renal cell cancers when compared with the corresponding benign renal parenchyma.