Metabolisches syndrom, diabetesrisiko und psychische erkrankungen. Epidemiologie, risikofaktoren und monitoring

The metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing, although efforts are undertaken for prevention and health education programs. Psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, are associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased risk for cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus. Several factors have been discussed to contribute to this increased risk, including sedentary lifestyle, reduced adherence to treatment, pathophysiological and genetic factors. Furthermore, atypical neuroleptics have been discussed to contribute to symptoms of the metabolic syndrome. The article reviews epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of the metabolic syndrome in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, and proposes a monitoring protocol for patients on neuroleptic medication.