Material ejection in Q-switched Er:YAG laser ablation of water, liver, and skin

Engineering

• Vaporization 100%
• Deep Layer 66%
• Nonequilibrium 66%
• Pulse Duration 33%
• Nanosecond 33%
• Induced Stress 33%
• Peak Temperature 33%
• Great Importance 33%
• Liquid Volume 33%
• Biomolecule 33%
• Ablation Efficiency 33%
• Target Material 33%
• Superficial Liquid 33%
• Phase Explosion 33%
• Initial Phase 33%
• Secondary Material 33%
• Liquid Layer 33%
• Flux Density 33%