TY - JOUR
T1 - Left ventricular Thrombi in Takotsubo syndrome: Incidence, predictors, and management: Results from the GEIST (German Italian stress cardiomyopathy) registry
AU - Santoro, Francesco
AU - Stiermaier, Thomas
AU - Tarantino, Nicola
AU - De Gennaro, Luisa
AU - Moeller, Christian
AU - Guastafierro, Francesca
AU - Marchetti, Maria Francesca
AU - Montisci, Roberta
AU - Carapelle, Elena
AU - Graf, Tobias
AU - Caldarola, Pasquale
AU - Thiele, Holger
AU - Di Biase, Matteo
AU - Brunetti, Natale Daniele
AU - Eitel, Ingo
PY - 2017/12/1
Y1 - 2017/12/1
N2 - Background--Left ventricular (LV) thrombi during Takotsubo syndrome represent a potential complication and can be associated with cerebrovascular embolic events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exact incidence, predictors, and management strategies of LV thrombi in patients with Takotsubo syndrome. Methods and Results--We enrolled 541 consecutive patients in a multicenter international registry. Clinical features and echocardiographic data at admission, during hospitalization, and after 3 months were evaluated. Survival rates for long-term follow-up (mean 984±908 days) were recorded. Twelve Takotsubo syndrome patients (2.2%) developed LV thrombi (all female presenting with apical ballooning pattern). All patients with LV thrombi were treated with oral anticoagulation therapy; however, 2 (17%) had a stroke before treatment initiation. These patients were characterized by a higher prevalence of ST-elevation (56% versus 16%; P < 0.001) and higher troponin I levels (10.8±18.3 ng/mL versus 3.5±4.3 ng/mL; P=0.001) as compared with those without LV thrombi. At multivariate analysis including age, sex, LV ejection fraction, ST-elevation at admission, and apical ballooning pattern, troponin I level > 10 ng/mL was the only predictor for LV thrombosis (hazard ratio 6.6, confidence interval, 1.01-40.0; P=0.04). After 3 months all LV thrombi disappeared. Oral anticoagulation therapy was interrupted in all patients except 1. At long-term follow-up, the survival rate was not different between patients with and without LV thrombi (84% versus 85%; P=0.99). Conclusions--LV thrombi have a relatively low incidence among patients with Takotsubo syndrome and were detected in female patients with apical ballooning pattern and increased troponin levels. Oral anticoagulation therapy for 3 months seems reasonable in these high-risk patients.
AB - Background--Left ventricular (LV) thrombi during Takotsubo syndrome represent a potential complication and can be associated with cerebrovascular embolic events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exact incidence, predictors, and management strategies of LV thrombi in patients with Takotsubo syndrome. Methods and Results--We enrolled 541 consecutive patients in a multicenter international registry. Clinical features and echocardiographic data at admission, during hospitalization, and after 3 months were evaluated. Survival rates for long-term follow-up (mean 984±908 days) were recorded. Twelve Takotsubo syndrome patients (2.2%) developed LV thrombi (all female presenting with apical ballooning pattern). All patients with LV thrombi were treated with oral anticoagulation therapy; however, 2 (17%) had a stroke before treatment initiation. These patients were characterized by a higher prevalence of ST-elevation (56% versus 16%; P < 0.001) and higher troponin I levels (10.8±18.3 ng/mL versus 3.5±4.3 ng/mL; P=0.001) as compared with those without LV thrombi. At multivariate analysis including age, sex, LV ejection fraction, ST-elevation at admission, and apical ballooning pattern, troponin I level > 10 ng/mL was the only predictor for LV thrombosis (hazard ratio 6.6, confidence interval, 1.01-40.0; P=0.04). After 3 months all LV thrombi disappeared. Oral anticoagulation therapy was interrupted in all patients except 1. At long-term follow-up, the survival rate was not different between patients with and without LV thrombi (84% versus 85%; P=0.99). Conclusions--LV thrombi have a relatively low incidence among patients with Takotsubo syndrome and were detected in female patients with apical ballooning pattern and increased troponin levels. Oral anticoagulation therapy for 3 months seems reasonable in these high-risk patients.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85038861071&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1161/JAHA.117.006990
DO - 10.1161/JAHA.117.006990
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 29203578
AN - SCOPUS:85038861071
SN - 2047-9980
VL - 6
JO - Journal of the American Heart Association
JF - Journal of the American Heart Association
IS - 12
M1 - e006990
ER -