Anatomy and physiology of translation: the academic research imperative

The transfer of academic innovation to clinical practice and industry is taking on an increasingly important role in academic centers, but significant challenges remain. This work identifies some of the pivotal elements that are required to assemble, manage and accelerate the pace of successful translational research. These elements can be incorporated in new models of translational research facilitation that improve the process of converting academic innovations to commercial products where they can be used to benefit patient health on a large scale.