A novel phenotype in N-glycosylation disorders: Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura skeletal dysplasia due to pathogenic variants in ALG9

Emma Tham, Erik A. Eklund, Anna Hammarsjö, Per Bengtson, Stefan Geiberger, Kristina Lagerstedt-Robinson, Helena Malmgren, Daniel Nilsson, Gintautas Grigelionis, Peter Conner, Peter Lindgren, Anna Lindstrand, Anna Wedell, Margareta Albåge, Katarzyna Zielinska, Ann Nordgren, Nikos Papadogiannakis, Gen Nishimura, Giedre Grigelioniene*

*Korrespondierende/r Autor/-in für diese Arbeit
16 Zitate (Scopus)

Abstract

A rare lethal autosomal recessive syndrome with skeletal dysplasia, polycystic kidneys and multiple malformations was first described by Gillessen-Kaesbach et al and subsequently by Nishimura et al. The skeletal features uniformly comprise a round pelvis, mesomelic shortening of the upper limbs and defective ossification of the cervical spine. We studied two unrelated families including three affected fetuses with Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing, comparative genome hybridization and homozygosity mapping. All affected patients were shown to have a novel homozygous splice variant NM-024740.2: c.1173+2T>A in the ALG9 gene, encoding alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase, involved in the formation of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor of N-glycosylation. RNA analysis demonstrated skipping of exon 10, leading to shorter RNA. Mass spectrometric analysis showed an increase in monoglycosylated transferrin as compared with control tissues, confirming that this is a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). Only three liveborn children with ALG9-CDG have been previously reported, all with missense variants. All three suffered from intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, microcephaly and renal cysts, but none had skeletal dysplasia. Our study shows that some pathogenic variants in ALG9 can present as a lethal skeletal dysplasia with visceral malformations as the most severe phenotype. The skeletal features overlap with that previously reported for ALG3- and ALG12-CDG, suggesting that this subset of glycosylation disorders constitutes a new diagnostic group of skeletal dysplasias.

OriginalspracheEnglisch
ZeitschriftEuropean Journal of Human Genetics
Jahrgang24
Ausgabenummer2
Seiten (von - bis)198-207
Seitenumfang10
ISSN1018-4813
DOIs
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 01.02.2016
Extern publiziertJa

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